Marriage.......

The marriage arrangements of British Mirpuris are changing drastically and quite rapidly. Young people - boys and girls- are demanding a greater say in the choice of partner. In many cases, parents merely rubber stamp the decision taken by their son or daughter. This is, in general, a positive development. It is only right that those who will have to spend their lives together should be able to choose who they will do so with.

Another way in which marriage is changing among Mirpuris is that young people are increasingly less likely to stick around in loveless marriages, as witnessed by rising rates of divorce and marital disharmony. In a sense, Mirpuris are becoming mainstream, where rates of divorce are already high (though they have fallen recently).

Is it a positive development that many Mirpuri youngsters, unlike their parents and definitely grandparents, are no longer willing to stick around in loveless marriages? That is a difficult question; in general if children are involved, my view is that people should make an extra effort to stick. In other cases it is more difficult. Whatever the answer, utmost care and attention is required in selecting marriage partners.

Line of Control...

The Line of Control that separates Indian and Pakistani Kashmir was opened to traders this week. News reports showed the 'Prime Minister' of Pakistani Kashmir releasing a bird in the direction of Indian Kashmir, which promptly flew back. Whether it was meant to be a symbol of peace, or freedom on this side in contrast to the Indian side, or both, I do not know.

If Kashmiris from the two halves start visiting each other more, they will start to compare. It is natural to compare. What will Kashmiris from one side make of the other?

Those from the Indian side visiting Pakistani Kashmir may, initially, be struck by the large palatial buildings, particularly in the Mirpur district. The more perceptive will soon realise that these are most definitely not the symbol of prosperity overseen by Pakistan. They will realise that most of these impressive buildings are empty and their owners living in cramped terraces in the UK.

Beneath this superficial veneer, they will see a decrepit infrastructure, roads in a state of disrepair, poor quality healthcare, a state education system that has collapsed (note the popularity of private education) and bickering over relatively minor things.

Indian Kashmiri visitors may well also note the bickering over the short Dhangali Bridge, which, in the greater scheme of things, should be relatively easy for Pakistan to construct. They may well contrast this, unfavourably, with the recent launch of the rail link between Delhi and the Indian Kashmir. While we bicker over a puny bridge, they have a rail service!

Back to blogging....

I have been away for many months from blogsphere as there is no point writing when the words will not out. To write effectively requires inspiration and passion; else there is no point, unless you write for a living, where it is deemed fine to concoct artificial sentences.

Anyway, I hope to write a blog regularly now, at least one per week to begin with.

To kick off, a word about two issues. First the banking crisis. I began blogging in 2004 partly in response to the financial bubble, particularly as it affects housing. Now the chickens have come home to roost. The impact of what we are witnessing should not be underestimated. A massive paradigm change is taking place. RIP neoliberal economics; interventionism is back in. If the banks can be rescued, many other industries will be wondering why not them.

The second important change since I last blogged is the fact that Zardari is now the president of Pakistan. That the most corrupt person in the history of Pakistan, and someone who would no doubt get a front seat in an international contest of corrupt politicians, should become president is a tragedy and does not bode well for the future of the country. This man combines corruption and incompetence. Faced with court cases, he claimed to suffer from several mental ailments. Either he lied or he didn't. Either way, he is not fit to be president. Alas the sycophants who tail him do not realise this, or refuse to accept it.

Education

To roughly translate and apply a Mirpuri proverb, these days if you pick up a stone the chances are that there will be a degree lying under it. The widening participation agenda has done more than widen access to higher education. In the process, the content has been dumbed down. So much I was able to glean from the pages of the Times Higher while I was working at a leading University. There was scarcely an issue that didn’t contain academic moans about declining standards.

Given this, the arrogance displayed by some Mirpuri parents when talking about their graduate children is totally misplaced. Of course, there are some very high achievers, both academically and in careers. For these, actions speak louder than words: their self evident position makes unnecessary any overt arrogance. In general, however, going to a University (normally a post-92 one; i.e. an ex-Poly) is no big deal. You don’t even need decent A, level grades to do so. No wonder academics complain about students who can’t spell or construct a half decent paragraph.

Benazir and Pakistan

Pakistanis are still in a state of shock less than a week since the assassination of opposition leader Benazir Bhutto (BB). The assassination, on 27 December, came at the end of bad year for Pakistan. Even the arguably good news, like the growth rate and economy, has a negative driver: the dollars coming in as part of the US war against terrorism package.

There's no shortage of material to read about the assassination and its aftermath, on the net and elsewhere. So here's some brief points to add to the mix.

First, the government, as on other matters, is suffering from a massive credibility gap. Its version of how BB died, and who may have killed her, is believed by very few. Political murders are rarely solved in Pakistan. We still don't know why the first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaqat Ali Khan- after whom the park where BB died was named- was killed. Neither do we know much about why Zia was killed. There's plenty of speculation. We will probably never know who killed BB.

Second, the People's Party has harmed its democratic credentials by keeping the reins of power in the party within the Bhutto family. There are plenty of able people in the party (e.g. Aitzaz Hassan, the lawyer who caused much headache for the government in 2007).

Third, the current 'caretaker' government has been wrong to postpone the general election. This is clearly a political decision taken in view of Musharaff's declining popularity. It is also to minimise the chances of the People's Party capitlising on the sympathy vote.

Changing nature of work

Once upon a time, work was about making things or doing things with others. You made loo rolls, cars, pens, clothes and stilettos. Or you did something to someone: you took their money and saved it in your bank, you gave it back to them when they wanted it. You examined them and gave them medicine or a bandage. And so on in a number of other occupations…
Now doing useful things like this has become tangential. Those who make things are now based in the faraway abroad, like India and China. True, we still do things to others, like treat their halitosis and take money from them (though not give it them, as the card now does that). We also do a lot things of questionable value to others, like give them nail jobs and enhance their body parts.

But the main way in which work has changed is that a lot it is done for it’s own sake, with no obvious end in sight, even a superfluous one like a nail job. How many people now spend their whole working day gawping at a PC screen, writing memos, sharing email funnies and having endless cups of coffee. Even if they are conscientious workers and forgo the coffees and personal emails and web surfing, the substance of what they do serves no clear purpose.

Not surprisingly, jobs of this sort are not very secure. Whereas manufacturing jobs are being shifted overseas, the vulnerability of the non-jobs I am talking about is to constant change and restructuring. For the workers, the survival strategy is to be adaptable and take on a new opportunity arising from the restructure or to move out, often to another non-job. Those who become wedded, for too long, to particular ways of doing things do not last long. To succeed, you must be able to condemn your past and jump onto the latest fad.

Situation in Pakistan

How’s this for a crime reduction strategy: lock up the potential victims? If the victims are safely in jail, no harm can come to them. That seems to be the perverse logic of the stated reason for the declaration of emergency in Pakistan. For if the fight against terrorism is the main reason, then what other logic is there to locking up secular and left leaning politicians, lawyers and community workers? Religious fundamentalists detest such people. Imran Khan was actually handed over to the authorities by the student wing of the fundamentalist Jamat-e-Islami. So much for enlightened moderation, or Musharaff’s roshan khayali.

We all know, of course, that Musharaff is following the logic of all dictators, especially Pakistani ones. That is the quest to remain in power at all costs, presented as being in the interests of the nation. The nation will disintegrate if the dictator does not remain in power. So the biggest obstacles to this, the courts and secular leaders, need to be removed. The fundamentalists, on the other hand, can be useful, for the dictator can say to his masters, the US: “look what you’ll get more of if I am not around.” Last time it was in the national interest that the dictator remains in power we had Zia, keeping the commies at bay. All the current problems were the result.

Many commentators have likened the situation in Pakistan to Iran just prior to the fall of the Shah. That analogy is probably not wrong. Musharaff is extremely unpopular at the moment- which probably accounts for why Benazir, having had corruption charges dropped, is hardening her stance against the government and sounding out to other opposition parties. No body wants to be seen shoring up a dictator when the whole of society is in revolt.

Alternative medicine

Alternative medicine covers a wide spectrum, from the credible, such as herbal medicines, to the ludicrous, such as healing by touching. Along the spectrum, the habits of us Mirpuris probably lie closer to the ludicrous end, as shown by the popularity of pirs, or faith healers.

Often those who visit pirs have vague, undefined symptoms, such as ‘tightness’ in the head or aching bones. Some people may well experience a reduction in symptoms after a visit to the pir, but this is more to do with dubious symptoms together with the mental reassurance which goes with visiting a pir, as distinct from a three-minute visit to a more bureaucratic NHS doctor.

In so far as pirs offer reassurance and comfort, there is nothing wrong with visiting them. They can, for example, be part of the disease management process. But to suggest that the intervention of a pir can affect a biochemical change in the body, and thus cure an illness, is ludicrous.

Attitudes to work

When I arrived in the office yesterday morning, I noticed something interesting. A cleaning lady, not far off from 60, had her leg bandaged up and was supported by a crutch. Yet she had come into work. After exchanging the normal Monday morning greetings, she explained what happened and was grateful that her employer had shown consideration by adjusting her duties. She seemed pleased by that.

She should really have been at home, yet her situation got me thinking about work and health and attitudes to them. I tried to imagine British Mirpuri and Pakistani women of a similar age- and indeed a large number of men of that age. When our people reach that age, they start complaining of health problems. Sometimes they are real, like heart disease. At other times, the ailments are undefined and unspecific- just severely aching bones, tiredness, breathlessness and the like. Heaven forbid that they should work. Those that do are often dismissed as wretched.

Ramadan

In the last week of Ramadan, it is well to do a sort of spiritual stock take. Has spirituality gone up, down or remained the same? I suspect in most cases it has made no difference, because, unfortunately, for most people fasting is no more than a ritual, albeit a very painful one. Few people understand the enormity of a month in which deprivation of bodily needs becomes the key to spiritual nourishment.

Abstaining from food and drink is only one aspect of Ramadan. The other crucial part is abstaining from other vices- like lying, back biting, hurting the feelings of others and waste and a litany of other vices. On all these accounts, people fail. I see evidence of these and other vices everywhere, with not even a special attempt being made to control them.

Of Monks and Lawyers

What do monks and lawyers have in common? At first sight, you may say very little. One group cultivates the spirit; the other gathers gold. In South Asia, though, they do have something in common: opposition to military dictatorship. Pakistani lawyers were out on the streets months before Burmese monks did the same. Both have been met with an iron fist.

Here the similarity ends. In Burma, the monks are the good guys, with whom Brown and Bush are happy to associate and to deliver homilies to their tormentors. In Pakistan, the lawyers are on the wrong side. They are opposing a good guy, our military man.

Let those Western leaders who like to sit on a pedestal to lecture the wrong sorts of dictators know that such ironies are not lost on people.

Depression

Depression, we are told by the World Health Organisation, is more disabling than angina, arthritis, asthma and diabetes. This may sound counter to what most people think, but it does raise the question, what is depression and what makes it a distinct illness? There is no shortage of definitions of depression. Extreme form of sadness is central to all.

I think three points need to be borne in mind in any discussion about depression.

First, it is an illness that has only relatively recently entered common parlance. I have a lucid memory stretching back to the late 1970s. Yet I do not recall common discussion of depression then. Now, over two decades later, it is discussed even in the villages of India and Pakistan. What has happened? Has depression increased, or have people found a single word to describe what were previously considered disparate symptoms, such as headaches, anxiety and sadness?

Second, depression has become a convenient and acceptable word to mask serious mental illness. What I mean is this: in some cases, what the person is suffering from is not depression, but a serious psychotic illness that affects the thought process. In other words, it is more respectable to admit to depression than to losing touch with reality.

Third, where the intense sadness is related to extreme life events, for example bereavement, loss of job and loss of house all occurring at once, can that be regarded as illness? Is it not normal to have extreme reactions to extreme events? In some cases, then ‘depression’ is not an illness but a reaction to life events. It is important to know this, because the solution lies in tackling the problems, not in taking tablets or making the person feel better when objectively their life situation has little to make them feel good about.

So I would say the medical term depression should be reserved for cases where extreme sadness is not based on life events or is totally out of proportion to any problems and where the thought process remains intact.

Vartan-bhanji

My English friends are fascinated by the concept of vartan-bhanji, the custom of reciprocated gift giving. Although they engage in gift giving and receiving with close family- brothers, sisters, parents, grandparents, nephews, nieces etc- they are surprised to learn that the vartan-bhanji extends to those people from the extended family with whom you have only a very tenuous link. They are also surprised by the occasions which prompt the need to make a gift to comparatively distant relatives: marriage, the birth of a son, the arrival of someone from Pakistan and weddings (and the various customs that, over an extended period of time, take place during a wedding).

Vartan-bhanji is more than just gift giving. It is a formal process that cements extended family relations. To not engage in vartan-bhanji, or not to reciprocate a previously received gift when the occasion demands, is to express displeasure at the other person and to sever links with them. And these are noticed by others. At weddings, for example, people will notice if a certain family is not present and will enquire about the reason.

Like many other customs, vartan-bhanji is also coming under a strain in the cut and thrust of urban UK living, where extended families can often be separated by hundreds of miles. As a result, the occasions that prompt the need to make a gift are gradually contracting.

“Porcupines in winter”

“Porcupines in winter”, published by the Young Foundation, is an interesting collection of short essays that sketch out the state of the relationships that characterise contemporary British life and society. There are portraits of places and of relationships between people. It rewards reading- even if you are not an avid reader. The essays are very short.

‘Porcupines in winter’ is also an apt metaphor for the state of us British Mirpuris. For porcupines are those prickly creatures. In winter, when they huddle together too close, they begin to prickle each other and therefore have to ease off a little. Then, feeling the cold, they huddle together yet more, until they prickle each other again. It is a constant struggle to find a happy medium between stifling closeness and being totally isolated.

'Law-abiding majority' myth

A study by Keele University found that over 60% of people admit to committing ‘minor’ offences, either against the government, their employers or against businesses. This includes things like pilfering things from work, lying on forms or exaggerating insurance claims. I don’t find these findings in the least surprising and I suspect neither does anyone else. The ‘law-abiding majority’ is a myth that politicians, particularly in democratic countries, have to sustain. After all, would you vote for a politician who called you a crook? Vote me you crooks!

Reserved parking spaces

On a short residential street, I recently counted 25 disabled parking spaces marked outside houses. There could not have been much more than 200 houses in total on the street. The street is in an area where parking is in general a huge problem because of shoppers visiting the adjacent high street (and it’s a popular shopping area with people coming from all over England) and because in general the families living on this and similar streets are large, with often 2 or 3 cars per household.

You’ve probably guessed what I am trying to get at. If you extrapolate the 25 spaces to a national level that would mean well over 10% of the population has some form of mobility disability, which does not sound credible. People are, in other words, creatively using disability rules and regulations to get over parking problems. Often there is some form of legally defined disability in the household, but its mobility implications are exaggerated or made up. In some cases, I have seen households given disabled parking spaces even though there is no one in the household with a visible disability.

Being given a reserved parking space outside your house is a form of welfare, and like other elements of welfare it invites abuse. Cash benefits, for example, invite the vice of sloth, by making you think twice before accepting a job that would make you a mere £20 a week better off. They invite lies by making you under-declare income and savings or, the flipside of this, they discourage frugality lest any savings affect your benefit entitlements. So the right to a reserved parking space outside your house encourages people to exaggerate minor problems, or make them up altogether, and to redefine themselves or family members as disabled.

Hypocrisy

I reckon hypocrisy must be the worst vice there is. It is so because when you witness too much of it, it makes you lose faith. How are you to feel when people who claim to be straight forward, whiter than whiter, end up telling lies about anything and everything? How should we feel when men (it is mostly men) of spirituality are found to have been involved in illicit sexual liaisons? The one can affect your faith in democracy and the other your faith in religion.

It is, however, hypocrisy closer to our own community- among British Pakistanis and Mirpuris- that I want to dwell on. It is in evidence everywhere. During the course of one weekend, I saw many instances of it.

We never tire of preaching 'sabr', or patience. It has a high status as a virtue. But alas our actions belie it. Every day I see people from our community, adults as well as youngsters, bearded as well clean shaven, who cannot wait patiently in a queue. They either just brazenly walk to the front, or absent-mindedly pretend they cannot work out where the queue begins. They are rarely challenged.

I don't know what proportion of faith patience constitutes, but it is well known that cleanliness is half of our faith. So how do we fare on that count? Our streets are the dirtiest. I see not only youngsters, high on the fire of youth, littering, but even mature people making their rubbish the problem of society. Every morning, when I leave for work, the cleaner is busy cleaning the streets. When I get back in the evening, it is as if he might as well not have bothered.

But surely, given our puritanical outlook, we are more reserved when it comes to anything to do with sex? Yet even here facts belie theory. Walk along any local high street in one of these areas and note how the young guys- and some times not so young- eye up and stare at the ladies with lascivious intent.

Blogging

I've been absent from blogosphere for a few months. Some research recently suggested that the average blog lasts around 8 months, before the enthusiasm of the writer dies down. I think I've done well by that standard, having started in 2004. Nevertheless, I hope to be able to start again in the next few days.

Politics of fear

On Sunday, I bumped into George Galloway on the Stratford Road. Yesterday evening, the door bell rang and who should be there but the local Labour MP. He is clearly startled by the reception Galloway receives, as well as by the near miss of 2005, when his huge majority was nearly overturned by the Respect candidate.

What I find bizarre is that the canvassers did not introduce themselves as Labour, but gave the impression that they were campaigning against a local sore point, the building of the new, PFI mental health facility just down the road. The local area has around 2000 mental health service users, around 200 of whom require some residential treatment during the year. The new hospital will have a 20 bed facility.

While the MP was talking with someone else, the labour party foot soldier accompanying the MP claimed it would be a secure mental health facility. I was insistent it would not, as I had read about the project in the local mental trust’s annual report. On this point the foot soldier was contradicted by the MP, who admitted it would not be a secure unit. It dawned on me that the Labour campaigners were using scare tactics to win votes and that many people, out of fear, would believe them.

With that cleared, the MP shook my hand and walked away. I told the local campaigner I would not vote Labour, because of the war and because the local MP was not pro-active, hardly spoke in Parliament and certainly did not represent the views of his constituents. To this the local campaigner replied, sotto voce, ‘We’ll get rid of him next time’.

Local election fever time....

It’s local election fever again in Birmingham. In areas with a large number of Pakistanis, there is evidence aplenty: from door-to-door campaigners to posters in windows. In other areas, you wouldn’t get so much as a cryptic clue that an election is looming.

Yesterday, the penultimate Sunday before the election, saw some feverish campaigning by most of the parties, in particular Galloway’s Respect and the local People’s Justice Party (the latter comprising mainly of retired/ nigh-retired Pakistani men who have failed to make headway in other parties). Galloway was himself out campaigning. As I strolled out for my Sunday walk along the Stratford Rd, who should I bump into but the intrepid Galloway himself, hugging everyone in sight (yes, even I got a hug).

A sizeable crowd gathered outside a hardware store, so a mic was thrust into Galloway’s hand to make an impromptu address. In his strong, macho accent, he asked people to vote Respect and throw out the Labour donkeys (he made a braying sound, on which there was thunderous laughter among the Pakistani ladies who probably didn’t understand what he was saying). He talked about local problems, from parking to crime and rats. Not able to resist a political jibe, he said we need to get rid of the two-legged variety of the latter as well. Standing next to him was Salma Yaqoob, the articulate young councillor who, in the 2005 general election, very nearly unseated a Labour MP who had a majority of Himalayan proportions. Galloway clearly has an eye on the parliamentary seat- hence the grassroots support building visit.

Elsewhere, I don’t think this will be a disaster for Labour in the Springfield and Sparkbrook wards. That is not because people love Blair- in fact even Labour voters hate him intensely. Rather, there is the phenomena of ‘biradriasm’ (clan identity) at play. Labour candidates hail from the same part of Mirpur, and belong to the same caste as, a large number of the voters in the area. For many people I have spoken to, that counts as more. They are keen to stress this and utter an expletive directed at the national Labour party in the same breath.

Curiously, I didn’t see any posters in windows in Small Heath, even though there was plenty of campaigning going on. My guess is that people are scared- there was a mini-riot at an election some years ago and people are afraid of having there windows done in. Who said the public is disillusioned and disengaged?